Crotalus lepidus lepidus Venom Produces Hemolysis and Lipid Peroxidation in Human Erythrocytes In Vitro – Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY



Crotalus lepidus lepidus Venom Produces Hemolysis and Lipid Peroxidation in Human Erythrocytes In Vitro

Authored by Alejandro Zugasti Cruz

Abstract
The hemolytic and lipid peroxidative effects of crude venom from Crotalus lepidus lepidus, a rattle snake found in the Northeast of Mexico and southeast of the United States, were investigated in human erythrocytes in vitro. Significant concentration-dependent effects were found on both hemolysis (evaluated as release of hemoglobin) and lipid peroxidation (as a common index of oxidative damage to membrane lipids) in the red blood cells. These results suggest that hemolysis was produced with the involvement of oxidative stress as a potential mechanism of toxicity in the erythrocytes.

Snake venoms are among the best pharmacologically characterized natural toxins, chiefly because of their deleterious effects on humans. Snake venoms are toxic secretions, which are complex mixtures of molecules of different biochemical nature, with a predominance of proteins, many of which are endowed with enzymatic activities. The most common snake venom enzymes include acetylcholinesterases, L-amino acid oxidases, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2. Some phospholipases A2 cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects such as pre-synaptic or post- synaptic neurotoxicity, miotoxicity, anticoagulant and hemolytic activities. PLA2 catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of ester bonds at the C2 position of 1,2-diacyl-3-sn-glycerophospholipids with release of free fatty acids. Thus, phosholipases A2 can disrupt the phospholipid packings from several types of biological membranes, leading to cell lysis

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