Evaluation of Chronic Oral Nicotine Treatment in Food Consumption, Body Weight and [125I Epibatidine Binding in Adult Mice - Juniper Publishers


JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY






Evaluation of Chronic Oral Nicotine Treatment in Food Consumption, Body Weight and [125I Epibatidine Binding in Adult Mice

Authored by Ursula H Winzer-Serha

Abstract

Despite its abuse potential, nicotine, acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has possible medicinal uses, in treating neuro degenerative diseases. Therefore, animal models to evaluate exposure need to be characterized. Administration via drinking water is a stress-free route of administration but often results in low blood nicotine levels. Here we evaluated chronic exposure to low, medium and high concentrations of nicotine in drinking water. Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were treated for 23 days with 20, 120 or 300μg/ml nicotine in 2% saccharin water, corresponding to 5, 30 and 55 mg/kg/d, respectively. Food intake and body weight were monitored, blood nicotine and cotinine levels, and 125I-epibatidine-binding sites were determined at day 23. Average blood cotinine levels of 11.7, 151.8 and 192.0 ng/ml were detected in mice receiving the low, medium and high dose, respectively. In contrast, nicotine was only consistently measured in the group receiving 300μg/ml, with an average blood level of 6.2 ng/ml and was the only treatment group to exhibit significantly decreased food intake (p=0.005) and body weight (p=0.043), as well as increased I125-epibatidine binding in cortex (p=0.055) and hippocampus (p = 0.019). We evaluated possible effects of chronic nicotine (300μg/ml) exposure on anxiety-like behavior using the open field test. An anxiolytic effect was found compared to controls and there was no evidence for anxiogenic effects of chronic nicotine. Thus, a high concentration of nicotine in drinking water was necessary to achieve consistent blood nicotine levels in mice, which correlated with markers considered hallmarks of chronic nicotine treatment.

For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Toxicology please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/oajt/

To know more about Peer Review Journal of Toxicology

To read more… Full text please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/oajt/OAJT.MS.ID.555552.php

https://juniperpublishers.com/oajt/OAJT.MS.ID.555552.php
 
 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Evaluation of Selected Numerical Weather Prediction Models for a Case of Widespread Rainfall over Central and Southern Nigeria

Image
Author: Chibuzo N Agogbuo Abstract Precipitation forecasts from four Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are evaluated for a case of widespread rainfall event over Central and Southern Nigeria on the 21 st of March 2015. The four models evaluated are the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) with a resolution of 25 km, The UKMET model 20km, NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) 50km and the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) with 10km resolution. Precipitation forecasts are compared with observed precipitation at station and gridded observation points for different rainfall amount thresholds using the Method of Objective-based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE), Grid statistics and Point Statistics. The global models ECMWF, UKMET and GFS underestimated the rainfall amount when compared to the WRF regional model. The global models recorded a critical success index (CSI) of less than 10% while the regional WRF model recorded a critical succ...
Read more

Transdermal Methimazole for Feline Hyperthyroidism

Image
 Open Access Journal of Toxicology  Introduction Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism has increased astoundingly [1-3]. It has become the most common endocrine disorder in cats, and the risk worsens with each year of increasing age, being most common in middle to older-aged felines [1]. The disease is primarily characterized by an excessive production and release of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) most commonly due to a functional, benign adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. At present, there is not a feline specific thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) assay test available, therefore unlike human hyperthyroid diagnosis, veterinarians do not commonly depend on a low TSH value for primary hyperthyroid diagnosis. Hyperthyroidism diagnosis in cats is generally based on a high free T4 level and the presence of clinical signs and symptoms. Some of the clinical complications of hyperthyroidism that may be p...
Read more

Chronic Stress-An Etiological Agent for the Genesis of Multitude of Diseases, and the Effect of Meditation on Modulating the Stress-Juniper publisher

Image
Author: Dr. Malireddy S Reddy Abstract This review/research article is written to explain in detail the pathophysiology of the chronic stress syndrome, which will ultimately leads to several diseases. Panic circumstances under which this chronic stress syndrome develops and induces anxiety, fear and diseases are thoroughly outlined. The negative effects of the chronic-low-level stress on the gastro intestinal tract and its micro flora, including Probiotics, have been presented with explicit details. The positive effects of meditation on curbing the stress and stress related diseases have been discussed, particularly with reference to the effect of meditation on controlling or modulating the stress inducing hormones. Keywords: Fight or flight response; Stress; Chronic-low-level stress; Stress syndrome; Meditation; Probiotics; Obesity; Hypertension; MS Reddy's Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy. Introduction This article...
Read more